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Allen Taflove

Professor, EECS Department, Northwestern University

Biosketch	U.S. Patents	Magazine Articles
Current Research Areas	Books	Best-Paper/Thesis Recognitions
Links and Downloads	Book Chapters	Advisees' Major External Fellowships
Ph.D. and Postdoctoral Alumni	Refereed Journal Publications	Contact Information

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Biosketch

Allen Taflove received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Northwestern University, Evanston, IL in 1971, 1972, and 1975, respectively. Since 1988, he has been a full professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of Northwestern's McCormick School of Engineering. Since 1972, he has pioneered basic theoretical approaches and engineering applications of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computational electrodynamics. He coined the descriptors "finite difference time domain" and "FDTD" in a 1980 paper in IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, and in 1990 was the first person to be named a Fellow of IEEE in the FDTD area.

FDTD has become one of the most widely used methods for solving Maxwell's equations for scientific and engineering applications. In 2006, almost 2000 FDTD-related papers were published. Numerous FDTD software suites have been developed by academic, commercial, and government organizations. FDTD modeling is being used for an extraordinarily wide range of problems from ultralow frequencies to light involving both the analysis of electromagnetic wave phenomena and the design of electromagnetic wave devices and systems.

In 1995, Allen authored Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, which he and Prof. Susan Hagness of the University of Wisconsin-Madison subsequently expanded and updated in a year-2000 second edition, and then further expanded and updated in a 2005 third edition. This book has total sales of approximately 10,000 volumes and many university adoptions. Overall, Allen has authored or co-authored 5 books, 20 articles or chapters in books and magazines, 120 refereed journal papers published and in-press, approximately 300 conference papers and abstracts, and 14 U.S. patents. In 2002, he was named to the original Highly Cited Researchers list of the Institute for Scientific Information.

Since 1972, Allen, his students, and his research collaborators have computationally investigated electrodynamic phenomena ranging literally from near-dc to light. He has been the advisor or co-advisor of 22 Ph.D. recipients and three postdoctoral fellows. Seven of these advisees (five women, two men) hold tenured or tenure-track positions in university electrical engineering departments including (in chronological order) the University of Colorado-Boulder, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, McGill University, National Cheng Kung University (Taiwan), Northwestern University, National Taiwan University, and the University of New Mexico-Albuquerque. Many of his other advisees have held professional positions at major research institutions and companies including MIT Lincoln Lab, Jet Propulsion Lab, Argonne National Lab, U.S. Air Force Research Lab, Northrop-Grumman, Raytheon, Motorola, and Mission Research.

Allen has served as the faculty advisor to Northwestern's Undergraduate Research Journal, McCormick's Undergraduate Design Competition, McCormick's Honors Program in Undergraduate Research, and McCormick's student chapters of the Eta Kappa Nu and Tau Beta Pi honor societies. He is the first McCormick faculty member ever to be named both Teacher of the Year and Advisor of the Year for a single academic year (2005-06). His other recognitions in this regard include being appointed a Northwestern University Charles Deering McCormick Professor of Teaching Excellence (2000-03), receiving the 2008 Northwestern Alumni Association Excellence in Teaching Award, and being selected to the Northwestern University Associated Student Government honor roll of best teachers for 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2007.

Allen's most exciting current research is in a large collaboration led by Prof. Vadim Backman of Northwestern University's Biomedical Engineering Department. This research is aimed at the minimally invasive detection of early-stage cancers of the human colon, pancreas, and lung. The techniques being pursued are based upon spectral and/or angular analysis of light that is backscattered from histologically normal tissue located away from a neoplastic lesion in what has been termed the field effect. This may lead to an exciting new paradigm in cancer screening where, for example, lung cancer could be reliably detected by analyzing a few cells brushed from the interior surface of a person's cheek. Each such exam would be comparable to the Pap smear in terms of its simplicity, cost, and relatively noninvasive nature. If this research proves to be successful, many thousands of lives could be saved each year.

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Current Research Areas

F
Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques and applications in computational electrodynamics

Novel techniques for visible-light ultramicroscopy and high-density optical storage

Optical scattering by biological cells in support of research to detect early-stage colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer

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Links and Downloads
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—	Download Allen's vitae.pdf

—	ISI Highly Cited.com

—	Web page of Allen's and Susan Hagness' 3rd edition FDTD book

—	Wikipedia FDTD listing

—	Download the PDF file of Allen's "Why Study E&M" paper. This paper, published in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine in April 2002, is suitable as an introductory unit in an undergraduate electromagnetics class to help motivate the students in their subsequent studies.

—	Download the PDF file of Susan Hagness' selection in June 2002 by MIT as one of the top 100 technologists in the world under the age of 35: Susan MIT TR100. Also download her October 2002 IEEE Spectrum profile: Susan IEEE Spectrum.

—	Download the QuickTime movie of Jamesina Simpson's 3-D FDTD model of global propagation of an ELF electromagnetic pulse generated by a lightning strike: Jamesina lightning EMP.

—	Download the PDF file of Allen's plenary talk at the 2006 annual meeting of the Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES): "A Perspective on the 40-Year History of FDTD Computational Electrodynamics".

—	Download the PDF file of Allen's invited talk at Photonics North 2007: "Advances in FDTD Techniques and Applications in Photonics".

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Ph.D. and Postdoctoral Alumni

	Jeffrey Blaschak (Ph.D., June 1988). Senior engineer, Northrop-Grumman Corp., Rolling Meadows, IL

	Fady Harfoush (Ph.D., June 1989). Vice president, Bank One, Inc., Chicago, IL

	Thomas Moore (Ph.D., June 1989). Vice president, internal research and development, Northrop Defense Systems Division, Baltimore, MD.

	Mark Strickel (Ph.D., June 1989). Portfolio manager, Talon Assets Corp., Chicago, IL.

	Thomas Jurgens (Ph.D., June 1991). Senior engineer, Northrop-Grumman Corp., Rolling Meadows, IL.

	Melinda Piket-May (Ph.D., Aug. 1993). Associate professor, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO.

	Rose Joseph (Ph.D., June 1994). Staff scientist (on leave), MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA.

	Christopher Reuter (Ph.D., June 1994). Research engineer, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH.

	Daniel Katz (Ph.D., June 1994). Assistant director for cyberinfrastructure development, Center for Computation and Technology, and associate research professor, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.

	Eric Thiele (Ph.D., June 1994). Senior engineer, Mission Research Corp., Dayton, OH.

	Susan Hagness (Ph.D., June 1998). Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.

	Elena Vasilyeva (Ph.D., June 2000). Senior electrical engineer, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems, Plano, TX.

	Veera Anantha (Ph.D., June 2001). Director of Engineering, Wireless Valley, Inc., Austin, TX.

	Milica Popovic (Ph.D., August 2001). Associate professor, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

	Geoff Waldschmidt (Ph.D., June 2002). Electrical engineer, Accelerator Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL.

	Adam Rybaltowski (Ph.D., October 2002). Optical projects manager, LightTime LLC, Oshkosh, WI.

	Shih-Hui (Gilbert) Chang (Ph.D., June 2004). Assistant professor, Institute of Opto-Electronics for Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

	Jiuan-Her (Grace) Chang (Ph.D., June 2004). Homemaker and mother.

	Zhigang Chen (Ph.D., June 2005). Electrical engineer, Applied Materials, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA.

	Snow Tseng (Ph.D., June 2005). Assistant professor, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.

	Xu Li (Postdoc, 2003-05). Assistant professor, Depts. of Biomedical Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.

	Jamesina Simpson (Ph.D., June 2007). Assistant professor, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.

	Jethro Greene (Ph.D., June 2007). Senior analyst, Citadel Financial, Chicago, IL.

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U.S. Patents
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1.
J. E. Bridges, A. Taflove, and R. H. Snow, "Method for in situ heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations," 4,140,180 (Feb. 20, 1979).

2.
J. E. Bridges, A. Taflove, and R. H. Snow, "Apparatus and method for in situ heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations," 4,144,935 (March 20, 1979).

3. J. E. Bridges and A. Taflove, "Apparatus and method for in situ heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations," Re 30,738 (Sept. 8, 1981).

4.
J. E. Bridges and A. Taflove, "Apparatus and method for in situ controlled heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations," 4,449,585 (May 22, 1984).

5.
J. E. Bridges and A. Taflove, "Method and apparatus for mitigation of radio frequency electric field peaking in controlled heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations in situ," 4,476,926 (Oct. 16, 1984)

6.
J. E. Bridges, G. C. Sresty, and A. Taflove, "Single well stimulation for the recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from subsurface formations," 4,524,827 (June 25, 1985).

7.
J. E. Bridges and A. Taflove, "Conduction heating of hydrocarbonaceous formations," 4,545,435 (Oct. 8, 1985).

8.
J. E. Bridges, G. C. Sresty, and A. Taflove, "Electro-osmotic production of hydrocarbons utilizing conduction heating of hydrocarbonaceous formations," 4,645,004 (Feb. 21, 1987).

9.
G. C. Sresty, A. Taflove, and K. R. Umashankar, "Method and apparatus for enhancing liquid hydrocarbon production from a single borehole in a slowly producing formation by non-uniform heating through optimized electrode arrays surrounding the borehole," 4,662,438 (May 5, 1987).

10.
J. E. Bridges, A. Taflove, H. Dev, and R. H. Snow, "In situ decontamination of spills and landfills by radio frequency heating," 4,670,634 (June 2, 1987).

11.
J. E. Bridges, G. C. Sresty, and A. Taflove, "Method and apparatus for treating hazardous wastes or other hydrocarbonaceous material," 5,487,873 (Jan. 30, 1996).

12.
J. E. Bridges, A. Taflove, S. C. Hagness, and A. V. Sahakian, "Microwave antenna for cancer detection system," 6,061,589 (May 9, 2000).

13.
A. Taflove and E. Vasilyeva, "Elongate radiator conformal antenna for portable communications devices," 6,292,144 (Sept. 18, 2001).

14.
J. E. Bridges, S. C. Hagness, A. Taflove, and M. Popovic, "Microwave discrimination between malignant and benign breast tumors," 6,421,550 (July 16, 2002).

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Books (Visit FDTD 3rd edition and read its reviews: IEEE EMC review.pdf and IEEE APS review.pdf)

1.
K. R. Umashankar and A. Taflove, Computational Electromagnetics: Integral Equation Approach. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1993.

2.
A. Taflove, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1995.

3. A. Taflove, ed., Advances in Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1998.

4.
A. Taflove and S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 2nd ed. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 2000.

5.
A. Taflove and S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 3rd ed. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 2005.

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Book Chapters
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1.
A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "A Hybrid Moment Method / Finite-Difference Time-Domain Approach to Electromagnetic Coupling and Aperture Penetration into Complex Geometries," Chap. 14 in Applications of the Method of Moments to Electromagnetic Fields, B. J. Strait, ed. Orlando, Florida: SCEEE Press (1980).

2.
A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "Solution of Complex Electromagnetic Penetration and Scattering Problems in Unbounded Regions," pp. 83-113 in Computational Methods for Infinite Domain Media-Structure Interactions, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, AMD vol. 46 (1981).

3. A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "Detailed Near/ Far Field Modeling of Complex Electrically Large Three-Dimensional Structures," Chap. II.10 in Inverse Methods in Electromagnetic Imaging, Part I, W.-M. Boerner, ed., NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series C, vol. 143. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Reidel (1985).

4.
A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "Review of FDTD Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Wave Scattering and Radar Cross Section," in Radar Cross Sections of Complex Objects, W. R. Stone, ed. New York: IEEE Press (1990).

5.
A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method for Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Wave Interactions with Arbitrary Structures," Chap. 8 in Progress in Electromagnetics Research 2: Finite-Element and Finite-Difference Methods in Electromagnetic Scattering, M. A. Morgan, ed. New York: Elsevier (1990).

6.
A. Taflove, "State of the Art and Future Directions in Finite-Difference and Related Techniques in Supercomputing Computational Electromagnetics," pp. 197-213 in Directions in Electromagnetic Wave Modeling, H. L. Bertoni and L. B. Felsen, eds. New York: Plenum (1991).

7.
J. P. Brooks, K. K. Ghosh, E. Harrigan, D. S. Katz, and A. Taflove, "Progress in Cray-Based Algorithms for Computational Electromagnetics, Chap. 2 in Progress in Electromagnetics Research, vol. 7, T. Cwik and J. Patterson, eds. Cambridge, MA: EMW Publishing (1993).

8.
A. Taflove, "Advances in Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methods for Engineering Electromagnetics," in Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics, vol. 2, H. L. Bertoni, L. Carin, L. B. Felsen, and S. U. Pillai, eds. New York: Plenum (1995).

9.
S. C. Hagness, S. T. Ho, and A. Taflove, "Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Computational Electrodynamics Simulations of Microlaser Cavities in One and Two Spatial Dimensions," in Computational Electromagnetics and its Applications, T. G. Campbell, R. A. Nicolaides, and M. D. Salas, eds. (ICASE/LaRC Interdisciplinary Series in Science and Engineering, vol. 5) Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer (1997).

10.
V. Sathiaseelan, B. B. Mittal, A. J. Fenn, and A. Taflove, "Recent Advances in External Electromagnetic Hyperthermia," Chap. 10 in Advances in Radiation Therapy, B. B. Mittal, J. A. Purdy, and K. K. Ang, eds. (Cancer Treatment and Research, S. T. Rosen, series ed.) Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer (1998).

11.
A. Taflove, "Numerical Issues Regarding FDTD Modeling of Microwave Structures," pp. 59-75 in Time-Domain Methods for Microwave Structures: Analysis and Design, B. Houshmand and T. Itoh, eds. New York: IEEE Press (1998).

12.
A. Taflove, S. C. Hagness, and M. J. Piket-May, "Computational Electromagnetics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method," Chap. V.9 (pp. 629-670) in The Electrical Engineering Handbook, W.-K. Chen, ed. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Academic Press (2005).

13.
S. C. Hagness, A. Taflove, and S. D. Gedney, "Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methods," pp. 199-315 in Handbook of Numerical Analysis, Vol. XIII: Numerical Methods in Electromagnetics, W. H. A. Schilders and E. J. W. ter Maten, eds. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier-North Holland (2005).

14.
A. Taflove and S. C. Hagness, "Finite-Difference Time-Domain Analysis," pp. 1567-1589 in Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Engineering, K. Chang, ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley (2005).

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Refereed Journal Publications

1.
A. Taflove and M. E. Brodwin, "A radio frequency tunable active filter," IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, vol. 9, pp. 73-76, April 1974.

2.
A. Taflove and M. E. Brodwin, "Numerical solution of steady-state electromagnetic scattering problems using the time-dependent Maxwell's equations," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 23, pp. 623-630, Aug. 1975. (Download Paper2.pdf)

3. A. Taflove and M. E. Brodwin, "Computation of the electromagnetic fields and induced temperatures within a model of the microwave-irradiated human eye," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 23, pp. 888-896, Nov. 1975. (Download Paper3.pdf)

4. A. Taflove, M. E. Brodwin, and J. E. Matz, "A passive electrodeless method for determining the interior field of biological materials," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 24, pp. 514-521, Aug. 1976.

5.
A. Taflove and J. Dabkowski, "Prediction method for buried pipeline voltages due to 60 Hz ac inductive coupling. Part I: Analysis; Part II: Field test verification," IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Systems, vol. 98, pp. 780-794, May/June 1979. (Download Paper5.pdf)

6.
A. Taflove, J. Dabkowski, and M. Genge, "Mitigation of buried pipeline voltages due to 60 Hz ac inductive coupling. Part I: Design of joint rights of way; Part II: Pipeline grounding methods," IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Systems, vol. 98, pp. 1806-1823, Sept./Oct. 1979. (Download Paper6.pdf)

7.
A. Taflove, "Application of the finite-difference time-domain method to sinusoidal steady-state electromagnetic penetration problems," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 22, pp. 191-202, Aug. 1980. (Download Paper7.pdf)

8.
A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "A hybrid moment method / finite-difference time-domain approach to electromagnetic coupling and aperture penetration into complex geometries," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 30, pp. 617-627, July 1982. (Download Paper8.pdf)

9.
K. R. Umashankar and A. Taflove, "A novel method to analyze electromagnetic scattering of complex objects," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 24, pp. 397-405, Nov. 1982. (Download Paper9.pdf)

10.
A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "Radar cross-section of general three-dimensional structures," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 25, pp. 433-440, Nov. 1983. (Download Paper10.pdf)

11.
A. Taflove, K. R. Umashankar, and T. G. Jurgens, "Validation of FDTD modeling of the radar cross-section of three-dimensional structures spanning up to 9 wavelengths," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 33, pp. 662-666, June 1985. (Download Paper11.pdf)

12.
A. Taflove, J. H. Dunlap, and R. A. Zalewski, "Testing of railroad signal equipment for power line interference susceptibility. Part I: The test jig; Part II: Test results," IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Systems, vol. 104, pp. 3345-3359, Dec. 1985.

13.
K. R. Umashankar, A. Taflove, and S. M. Rao, "Electromagnetic scattering by arbitrary shaped three-dimensional homogeneous lossy dielectric objects," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 34, pp. 758-766, June 1986.

14.
G. A. Kriegsmann, A. Taflove, and K. R. Umashankar, "A new formulation of electromagnetic wave scattering using an on-surface radiation boundary condition approach," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 35, pp. 153-161, Feb. 1987. (Download Paper14.pdf)

15.
A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for electromagnetic scattering and interaction problems," J. Electromagn. Waves Apps., vol. 1, pp. 243-267, 1987.

16.
K. R. Umashankar, A. Taflove, and B. Beker, "Calculation and experimental validation of induced currents on coupled wires in an arbitrary shaped cavity," IEEE Trans. Antennas. Propagat., vol. 35, pp. 1248-1257, Nov. 1987. (Download Paper16.pdf)

17.
A. Taflove, K. R. Umashankar, B. Beker, F. A. Harfoush, and K. S. Yee, "Detailed FDTD analysis of electromagnetic fields penetrating narrow slots and lapped joints in thick conducting screens," IEEE Trans. Antennas. Propagat., vol. 36, pp. 247-257, Feb. 1988. (Download Paper17.pdf)

18.
D. M. Sullivan, O. P. Gandhi, and A. Taflove, "Use of the finite-difference time-domain method in calculating EM absorption in man models," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engrg., vol. 35, pp. 179-186, Feb. 1988. (Download Paper18.pdf)

19. T. G. Moore, G. A. Kriegsmann, and A. Taflove, "An application of the WKBJ technique to the on-surface radiation condition," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 36, pp. 1329-1331, Sept. 1988. (Download Paper19.pdf)

20.
T. G. Moore, J. G. Blaschak, A. Taflove, and G. A. Kriegsmann, "Theory and application of radiation boundary operators," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 36, pp. 1797-1812, Dec. 1988. (Download Paper20.pdf)

21.
A. Taflove, "Review of the formulation and applications of the finite-difference time-domain method for numerical modeling of electromagnetic wave interactions with arbitrary structures," Wave Motion, vol. 10, pp. 547-582, Dec. 1988. (Download Paper21.pdf)

22.
F. A. Harfoush, A. Taflove, and G. A. Kriegsmann, "A numerical technique for analyzing electromagnetic wave scattering from moving surfaces," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 37, pp. 55-63, Jan. 1989. (Download Paper22.pdf)

23.
J. G. Blaschak, G. A. Kriegsmann, and A. Taflove, "A study of wave interactions with flanged waveguides and cavities using the on-surface radiation condition method," Wave Motion, vol. 11, pp. 65-76, March 1989. (Download Paper23.pdf)

24.
A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "Review of FDTD numerical modeling of electromagnetic wave scattering and radar cross-section," Proc. IEEE, vol. 77, pp. 682-699, May 1989. (Download Paper24.pdf)

25.
A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "The finite-difference time-domain method for numerical modeling of electromagnetic scattering," IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 25, pp. 3086-3091, July 1989.

26.
A. T. Perlik, A. Taflove, and T. Opsahl, "Predicting scattering of electromagnetic fields using FDTD on a Connection Machine," IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 25, pp. 2910-2912, July 1989. (Download Paper26.pdf)

27.
B. Beker, K. R. Umashankar, and A. Taflove, "Numerical analysis and validation of the combined-field surface integral equations for electromagnetic scattering by arbitrary shaped two-dimensional anisotropic objects," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 37, pp. 1573-1581, Dec. 1989. (Download Paper27.pdf)

28.
A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "The finite-difference time-domain method for numerical modeling of electromagnetic wave interactions," Electromagnetics, vol. 10, pp. 105-126, Jan.-June 1990.

29.
M. A. Strickel and A. Taflove, "Time-domain synthesis of broadband absorptive coatings for two-dimensional conducting targets," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 38, pp. 1084-1091, July 1990. (Download Paper29.pdf)

30.
F. A. Harfoush, G. A. Kriegsmann, and A. Taflove, "Numerical implementation of relativistic electromagnetic field boundary conditions in a laboratory-frame grid," J. Computational Physics, vol. 89, pp. 80-94, July 1990. (Download Paper30.pdf)

31.
S. Arendt, K. R. Umashankar, A. Taflove, and G. A. Kriegsmann, "Extension of on-surface radiation condition theory to scattering by two-dimensional homogeneous dielectric objects," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 38, pp. 1551-1558, Oct. 1990. (Download Paper31.pdf)

32.
B. Beker, K. R. Umashankar, and A. Taflove, "Electromagnetic scattering by arbitrarily shaped two-dimensional perfectly conducting objects coated with homogeneous anisotropic materials," Electromagnetics, vol. 10, pp. 387-406, Oct.-Dec. 1990.

33.
F. A. Harfoush and A. Taflove, "Scattering of electromagnetic waves by a material half-space with a time-varying conductivity," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 39, pp. 898-906, July 1991. (Download Paper33.pdf)

34.
D. S. Katz, A. Taflove, M. J. Piket-May, and K. R. Umashankar, "FDTD analysis of electromagnetic wave radiation from systems containing horn antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 39, pp. 1203-1212, Aug. 1991. (Download Paper34.pdf)

35.
R. M. Joseph, S. C. Hagness, and A. Taflove, "Direct time integration of Maxwell's equations in linear dispersive media with absorption for scattering and propagation of femtosecond electromagnetic pulses," Optics Lett., vol. 16, pp. 1412-1414, Sept. 15, 1991. (Download Paper35.pdf)

36.
K. R. Umashankar, W. Chun, and A. Taflove, "Simple analytical solution to electromagnetic scattering by two-dimensional conducting objects with edges and corners. Part I: TM polarization," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 39, pp. 1665-1671, Dec. 1991. (Download Paper36.pdf)

37.
P. M. Goorjian and A. Taflove, "Direct time integration of Maxwell's equations in nonlinear dispersive media for propagation and scattering of femtosecond electromagnetic solitons," Optics Lett., vol. 17, pp. 180-182, Feb. 1, 1992. (Download Paper37.pdf)

38.
M. J. Piket-May, A. Taflove, W. C. Lin, D. S. Katz, V. Sathiaseelan, and B. B. Mittal, "Initial results for automated computational modeling of patient-specific electromagnetic hyperthermia," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engrg., vol. 39, pp. 226-237, March 1992. (Download Paper38.pdf)

39.
T. G. Jurgens, A. Taflove, K. R. Umashankar, and T. G. Moore, "Finite-difference time-domain modeling of curved surfaces," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 40, pp. 357-366, April 1992. (Download Paper39.pdf)

40.
K. R. Umashankar, S. Nimmagadda, and A. Taflove, "Numerical analysis of electromagnetic scattering by electrically large objects using spatial decomposition technique," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 40, pp. 866-877, Aug. 1992. (Download Paper40.pdf)

41.
P. M. Goorjian, A. Taflove, R. M. Joseph, and S. C. Hagness, "Computational modeling of femtosecond optical solitons from Maxwell's equations," IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, vol. 28, pp. 2416-2422, Oct. 1992. (Download Paper41.pdf)

42.
A. Taflove, "Re-inventing electromagnetics: Supercomputing solution of Maxwell's equations via direct time integration on space grids," Computing Systems in Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 153-168, Dec. 1992.

43.
V. Sathiaseelan, A. Taflove, M. J. Piket-May, C. E. Reuter, and B. B. Mittal, "Application of numerical modeling techniques in electromagnetic hyperthermia," J. Applied Comp. Electromagn. Society, vol. 7, pp. 61-71, Winter 1992.

44.
R. M. Joseph, P. M. Goorjian, and A. Taflove, "Direct time integration of Maxwell's equations in 2-D dielectric waveguides for propagation and scattering of femtosecond electromagnetic solitons," Optics Lett., vol. 18, pp. 491-493, April 1, 1993. (Download Paper44.pdf)

45.
M. J. Piket-May, A. Taflove, and J. B. Troy, "Electrodynamics of visible light interactions with the vertebrate retinal rod," Optics Lett., vol. 18, pp. 568-570, April 15, 1993. (Download Paper45.pdf)

46.
T. G. Jurgens and A. Taflove, "Three-dimensional contour FDTD modeling of scattering from single and multiple bodies," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 41, pp. 1703-1708, Dec. 1993. (Download Paper46.pdf)

47.
K. R. Umashankar, S. Chaudhuri, and A. Taflove, "Finite-difference time-domain formulation of an inverse-scattering scheme for remote sensing of inhomogeneous lossy layered media," J. Electromagn. Waves Apps., vol. 8, pp. 489-509, April 1994. (Download Paper47.pdf)

48.
M. Strickel, A. Taflove, and K. R. Umashankar, "Finite-difference time-domain formulation of an inverse-scattering scheme for remote sensing of conducting and dielectric targets," J. Electromagn. Waves Apps., vol. 8, pp. 510-529, April 1994. (Download Paper48.pdf)

49.
V. A. Thomas, M. E. Jones, M. J. Piket-May, A. Taflove, and E. Harrigan, "The use of SPICE lumped circuits as sub-grid models for FDTD analysis," IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., vol. 4, pp. 141-143, May 1994. (Download Paper49.pdf)

50.
E. Thiele and A. Taflove, "Finite-difference time-domain modeling of Vivaldi slot antennas and arrays," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 42, pp. 633-641, May 1994. (Download Paper50.pdf)

51.
D. S. Katz, E. T. Thiele, and A. Taflove, "Validation and extension to three dimensions of the Berenger PML absorbing boundary condition for FDTD meshes," IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., vol. 4, pp. 268-270, Aug. 1994. (Download Paper51.pdf)

52.
M. J. Piket-May, A. Taflove, and J. Baron, "FDTD modeling of digital signal propagation in 3-D circuits with passive and active loads," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 42, pp. 1514-1523, Aug. 1994. (Download Paper52.pdf)

53.
C. E. Reuter, R. M. Joseph, E. T. Thiele, D. S. Katz, and A. Taflove, "Ultrawideband absorbing boundary condition for termination of waveguiding structures in FDTD simulations," IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., vol. 4, pp. 344-346, Oct. 1994. (Download Paper53.pdf)

54.
R. M. Joseph and A. Taflove, "Spatial soliton deflection mechanism indicated by FDTD Maxwell's equations modeling," IEEE Photonics Tech. Lett., vol. 6, pp. 1251-1254, Oct. 1994. (Download Paper54.pdf)

55.
J. P. Zhang, D. Y. Chu, S. L. Wu, W. G. Bi, R. C. Tiberio, R. M. Joseph, A. Taflove, C. W. Tu, and S. T. Ho, "Nanofabrication of 1-D photonic bandgap structures along a photonic wire," IEEE Photonics Tech. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 491-493, April 1996. (Download Paper55.pdf)

56.
S. C. Hagness, R. M. Joseph, and A. Taflove, "Subpicosecond electrodynamics of distributed Bragg reflector microlasers: Results from finite-difference time-domain simulations," Radio Science, vol. 31, pp. 931-941, July-Aug. 1996. (Download Paper56.pdf)

57.
R. M. Joseph and A. Taflove, "FDTD Maxwell's equations models for nonlinear electrodynamics and optics," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 45, pp. 364-374, March 1997. (Download Paper57.pdf)

58.
D. Rafizadeh, J. P. Zhang, S. C. Hagness, A. Taflove, K. A. Stair, S. T. Ho, and R. C. Tiberio, "Waveguide-coupled AlGaAs/GaAs microcavity ring and disk resonators with high finesse and 21.6-nm free-spectral range," Optics Lett., vol. 22, pp. 1244-1246, Aug. 15, 1997. (Download Paper58.pdf)

59.
S. C. Hagness, A. Taflove, and J. E. Bridges, "Wideband ultralow reverberation antenna for biological sensing," Electronics Lett., vol. 33, pp. 1594-1595, Sept. 11, 1997. (Download Paper59.pdf)

60.
G. Stratis, V. Anantha, and A. Taflove, "Numerical calculation of diffraction coefficients of generic conducting and dielectric wedges using FDTD," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 45, pp. 1525-1529, Oct. 1997. (Download Paper60.pdf)

61.
S. C. Hagness, D. Rafizadeh, S. T. Ho, and A. Taflove, "FDTD microcavity simulations: Design and experimental realization of waveguide-coupled single-mode ring and whispering-gallery-mode disk resonators," J. Lightwave Tech., vol. 15, pp. 2154-2165, Nov. 1997. (Download Paper61.pdf)

62.
C. E. Reuter, A. Taflove, V. Sathiaseelan, M. J. Piket-May, and B. B. Mittal, "Unexpected physical phenomena indicated by FDTD modeling of the Sigma-60 deep hyperthermia applicator," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 46, pp. 313-319, April 1998. (Download Paper62.pdf)

63.
M. Popovic, S. C. Hagness, and A. Taflove, "FDTD analysis of a complete TEM cell loaded with liquid biological media in culture dishes," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engrg., vol. 45, pp. 1067-1076, Aug. 1998. (Download Paper63.pdf)

64.
E. Vasilyeva and A. Taflove, "Three-dimensional modeling of amplitude-object imaging in scanning near-field optical microscopy," Optics Lett., vol. 23, no. 15, pp. 1155-1157, Aug. 1, 1998. (Download Paper64.pdf)

65.
V. Anantha and A. Taflove, "Calculation of diffraction coefficients of three-dimensional infinite conducting wedges using FDTD," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 46, pp. 1755-1756, Nov. 1998. (Download Paper65.pdf)

66.
S. C. Hagness, A. Taflove, and J. E. Bridges, "Two-dimensional FDTD analysis of a pulsed microwave confocal system for breast cancer detection: Fixed-focus and antenna-array sensors," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engrg., vol. 45, pp. 1470-1479, Dec. 1998. (Download Paper66.pdf)

67.
S. C. Hagness, A. Taflove, and J. E. Bridges, "Three-dimensional FDTD analysis of a pulsed microwave confocal system for breast cancer detection: Design of an antenna-array element," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 47, pp. 783-791, May 1999. (Download Paper67.pdf)

68.
G. Waldschmidt and A. Taflove, "The determination of the effective radius of a filamentary source in the FDTD mesh," IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., vol. 10, pp. 217-219, June 2000. (Download Paper68.pdf)

69.
A. Rybaltowski and A. Taflove, "Signal-to-noise ratio in direct-detection mid-infrared random-modulation continuous-wave Lidar in the presence of colored additive noise," Optics Express, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 386-399, Oct. 8, 2001. (Download Paper69.pdf)

70.
T. A. Kuiken, N. S. Stoykov, M. Popovic, M. Lowery, and A. Taflove, "Finite element modeling of electromagnetic signal propagation in a phantom arm," IEEE Trans. Neural Systems & Rehab. Engrg., vol. 9, pp. 346-354, Dec. 2001. (Download Paper70.pdf)

71.
M. M. Lowery, N. S. Stoykov, A. Taflove, and T. A. Kuiken, "A multiple-layer finite-element model of the surface EMG signal," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engrg., vol. 49, pp. 446-454, May 2002. (Download Paper71.pdf)

72.
N. S. Stoykov, M. M. Lowery, A. Taflove, and T. A. Kuiken, "Frequency- and time-domain FEM models of EMG: Capacitive effects and aspects of dispersion," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engrg., vol. 49, pp. 763-772, Aug. 2002. (Download Paper72.pdf)

73.
J. J. Simpson and A. Taflove, "Two-dimensional FDTD modeling of impulsive ELF antipodal propagation and Schumann resonance of the Earth-sphere," IEEE Antennas & Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 1, pp. 53-56, 2002. (Download Paper73.pdf)

74.
V. Anantha and A. Taflove, "Efficient modeling of infinite scatterers using a generalized total-field / scattered-field FDTD boundary partially embedded within PML," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 50, pp. 1337-1349, Oct. 2002. (Download Paper74.pdf)

75.
Z. Chen, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Equivalent volume-averaged light scattering behavior of randomly inhomogeneous dielectric spheres in the resonant range," Optics Lett., vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 765-767, May 15, 2003. (Download Paper75.pdf)

76.
N. S. Stoykov, T. A. Kuiken, M. M. Lowery, and A. Taflove, "Finite-element time-domain algorithms for modeling linear Debye and Lorentz dielectric dispersions at low frequencies," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engrg., vol. 50, pp. 1100-1107, Sept. 2003. (Download Paper76.pdf)

77.
J. H. Greene and A. Taflove, "Initial three-dimensional FDTD phenomenology study of the transient response of a large vertically coupled photonic racetrack," Optics Lett., vol. 28, no. 19, pp. 1733-1735, Oct. 1, 2003. (Download Paper77.pdf)

78.
Z. Chen, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Concept of the equiphase sphere for light scattering by nonspherical dielectric particles," J. Optical Soc. America A, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 88-97, Jan. 2004. (Download Paper78.pdf)

79.
J. J. Simpson and A. Taflove, "Three-dimensional FDTD modeling of impulsive ELF propagation about the Earth-sphere," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, pp. 443-451, Feb. 2004. (Download Paper79.pdf)

80.
Z. Chen, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Photonic nanojet enhancement of backscattering of light by nanoparticles: A potential novel visible-light ultramicroscopy technique," Optics Express, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1214-1220, April 5, 2004. (Download Paper80.pdf)

81.
A. G. Yamilov, S.-H. Chang, A. Taflove, A. Burin, and H. Cao, "Numerical study of light correlations in a random medium close to the Anderson localization threshold," Optics Lett., vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 917-919, May 1, 2004. (Download Paper81.pdf)

82.
X. Li, Z. Chen, J. Gong, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Novel analytical techniques to address forward and inverse problems of light scattering by irregularly shaped particles," Optics Lett., vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 1239-1241, June 1, 2004. (Download Paper82.pdf)

83.
S. H. Tseng, J. H. Greene, A. Taflove, D. Maitland, V. Backman, and J. T. Walsh, Jr., "Initial exact solution of Maxwell’s equations for optical interactions with a macroscopic random medium," Optics Lett., vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1393-1395, June 15, 2004. (Download Paper83.pdf) See also Addendum: Optics Lett., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 56-57, Jan. 1, 2005. (Download Paper83a.pdf)

84.
J. J. Simpson, A. Taflove, J. A. Mix, and H. Heck, "Computational and experimental study of a microwave electromagnetic bandgap structure with waveguiding defect for potential use as a bandpass wireless interconnect," IEEE Microwave & Wireless Components Lett., vol. 14, pp. 343-345, July 2004. (Download Paper84.pdf)

85.
G. Waldschmidt and A. Taflove, "Three-dimensional CAD-based mesh generator for the Dey-Mittra conformal FDTD algorithm," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, pp. 1658-1664, July 2004. (Download Paper85.pdf)

86.
N. Stoykov, J. Jerome, L. Pierce, and A. Taflove, "Computational modeling evidence of a nonthermal electromagnetic interaction mechanism with living cells: Microwave nonlinearity in the cellular sodium ion channel," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 52, pp. 2040-2045, Aug. 2004. (Download Paper86.pdf) See also Corrections: IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 56, p. 1009, April 2008. (Download Paper86 corrections.pdf)

87.
A. Rybaltowski and A. Taflove, "Superior signal-to-noise ratio of the new AA1 sequence for random-modulation continuous-wave lidar," Optics Lett., vol. 29, no. 15, pp. 1709-1711, Aug. 1, 2004. (Download Paper87.pdf)

88.
S.-H. Chang and A. Taflove, "Finite-difference time-domain model of lasing action in a four-level two-electron atomic system," Optics Express, vol. 12, no. 16, pp. 3827-3833, Aug. 9, 2004. (Download Paper88.pdf)

89. X. Li, Z. Chen, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Equiphase-sphere approximation for analysis of light scattering by arbitrarily shaped nonspherical particles," Applied Optics, vol. 43, no. 23, pp. 4497-4505, Aug. 10, 2004. (Download Paper89.pdf)

90.
M. Popovic and A. Taflove, "Two-dimensional FDTD inverse-scattering scheme for determination of near-surface material properties at microwave frequencies," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, pp. 2366-2373, Sept. 2004. (Download Paper90.pdf)

91.
J. J. Simpson and A. Taflove, "Efficient modeling of impulsive ELF antipodal propagation about the Earth sphere using an optimized two-dimensional geodesic FDTD grid," IEEE Antennas & Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 3, pp. 215-218, 2004. (Download Paper91.pdf)

92.
X. Li, Z. Chen, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Equiphase-sphere approximation for light scattering by stochastically inhomogeneous microparticles," Physical Review E, vol. 70, 056610, Nov. 17, 2004. (Download Paper92.pdf)

93.
K. Chen, A. Taflove, Y. L. Kim, and V. Backman, "Self-assembled patterns of nanospheres with symmetries from submicrons to centimeters," cover article, Applied Physics Lett., vol. 86, 033101, Jan. 17, 2005. (Download Paper93.pdf; download APL cover_picture.jpg )

94.
X. Li, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Modified FDTD near-to-far field transformation for improved backscattering calculation of strongly forward-scattering objects," IEEE Antennas & Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 4, pp. 35-38, 2005. (Download Paper94.pdf)

95.
X. Li, Z. Chen, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Optical analysis of nanoparticles via enhanced backscattering facilitated by 3-D photonic nanojets," Optics Express, vol. 13, pp. 526-533, Jan. 24, 2005. (Download Paper95.pdf)

96.
A. Yamilov, S.-H. Chang, A. Burin, A. Taflove, and H. Cao, "Field and intensity correlations in amplifying random media," Physical Review B, vol. 71, 092201, March 4, 2005. (Download Paper96.pdf)

97.
J.-H. Chang and A. Taflove, "Three-dimensional diffraction by infinite conducting and dielectric wedges using a generalized total-field / scattered-field FDTD formulation," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, pp. 1444-1454, April 2005. (Download Paper97.pdf)

98.
X. Li, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Quantitative analysis of depolarization of backscattered light by stochastically inhomogeneous dielectric particles," Optics Lett., vol. 30, pp. 902-904, April 15, 2005. (Download Paper98.pdf)

99.
J. J. Simpson and A. Taflove, "Electrokinetic effect of the Loma Prieta earthquake calculated by an entire-Earth FDTD solution of Maxwell’s equations," Geophysical Research Lett., vol. 32, L09302, May 10, 2005. (Download Paper99.pdf)

100.
S. H. Tseng, Y. L. Kim, A. Taflove, D. Maitland, V. Backman, and J. T. Walsh, Jr., "Simulation of enhanced backscattering of light by numerically solving Maxwell's equations without heuristic approximations," Optics Express, vol. 13, pp. 3666-3672, May 16, 2005. (Download Paper100.pdf)

101.
X. Li, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Recent progress in exact and reduced-order modeling of light-scattering properties of complex structures," IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Special Issue on Biophotonics, vol. 11, pp. 759-765, July/August 2005. (Download Paper101.pdf)

102.
S. H. Tseng, A. Taflove, D. Maitland, V. Backman, and J. T. Walsh, Jr., "Investigation of the noise-like structures of the total scattering cross-section of random media," Optics Express, vol. 13, pp. 6127-6132, Aug. 8, 2005. (Download Paper102.pdf)

103.
J. J. Simpson and A. Taflove, "A novel ELF radar for major oil deposits," IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Lett., vol. 3, pp. 36-39, Jan. 2006. (Download Paper103.pdf)

104.
Z. Chen, A. Taflove, X. Li, and V. Backman, "Superenhanced backscattering of light by nanoparticles," Optics Lett., vol. 31, pp. 196-198, Jan. 15, 2006. (Download Paper104.pdf)

105.
Z. Chen, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Highly efficient optical coupling and transport phenomena in chains of dielectric microspheres," Optics Lett., vol. 31, pp. 389-391, Feb. 1, 2006. (Download Paper105.pdf)

106.
Z. Chen, X. Li, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Backscattering enhancement of light by nanoparticles positioned in localized optical intensity peaks," Applied Optics, vol. 45, pp. 633-638, Feb. 1, 2006. (Download Paper106.pdf)

107.
S. H. Tseng, A. Taflove, D. Maitland, V. Backman, and J. T. Walsh, Jr., "Extracting geometrical information of closely packed random media from multiply scattered light via a cross-correlation analysis," IEEE Antennas & Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 5, 2006, p

1.	J. E. Bridges, A. Taflove, and R. H. Snow, "Method for in situ heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations," 4,140,180 (Feb. 20, 1979).

2.	J. E. Bridges, A. Taflove, and R. H. Snow, "Apparatus and method for in situ heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations," 4,144,935 (March 20, 1979).

3.	J. E. Bridges and A. Taflove, "Apparatus and method for in situ heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations," Re 30,738 (Sept. 8, 1981).

4.	J. E. Bridges and A. Taflove, "Apparatus and method for in situ controlled heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations," 4,449,585 (May 22, 1984).

5.	J. E. Bridges and A. Taflove, "Method and apparatus for mitigation of radio frequency electric field peaking in controlled heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations in situ," 4,476,926 (Oct. 16, 1984)

6.	J. E. Bridges, G. C. Sresty, and A. Taflove, "Single well stimulation for the recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from subsurface formations," 4,524,827 (June 25, 1985).

7.	J. E. Bridges and A. Taflove, "Conduction heating of hydrocarbonaceous formations," 4,545,435 (Oct. 8, 1985).

8.	J. E. Bridges, G. C. Sresty, and A. Taflove, "Electro-osmotic production of hydrocarbons utilizing conduction heating of hydrocarbonaceous formations," 4,645,004 (Feb. 21, 1987).

9.	G. C. Sresty, A. Taflove, and K. R. Umashankar, "Method and apparatus for enhancing liquid hydrocarbon production from a single borehole in a slowly producing formation by non-uniform heating through optimized electrode arrays surrounding the borehole," 4,662,438 (May 5, 1987).

10.	J. E. Bridges, A. Taflove, H. Dev, and R. H. Snow, "In situ decontamination of spills and landfills by radio frequency heating," 4,670,634 (June 2, 1987).

11.	J. E. Bridges, G. C. Sresty, and A. Taflove, "Method and apparatus for treating hazardous wastes or other hydrocarbonaceous material," 5,487,873 (Jan. 30, 1996).

12.	J. E. Bridges, A. Taflove, S. C. Hagness, and A. V. Sahakian, "Microwave antenna for cancer detection system," 6,061,589 (May 9, 2000).

13.	A. Taflove and E. Vasilyeva, "Elongate radiator conformal antenna for portable communications devices," 6,292,144 (Sept. 18, 2001).

14.	J. E. Bridges, S. C. Hagness, A. Taflove, and M. Popovic, "Microwave discrimination between malignant and benign breast tumors," 6,421,550 (July 16, 2002).

1.	K. R. Umashankar and A. Taflove, Computational Electromagnetics: Integral Equation Approach. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1993.

2.	A. Taflove, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1995.

3.	A. Taflove, ed., Advances in Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1998.

4.	A. Taflove and S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 2nd ed. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 2000.

5.	A. Taflove and S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 3rd ed. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 2005.

1.	A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "A Hybrid Moment Method / Finite-Difference Time-Domain Approach to Electromagnetic Coupling and Aperture Penetration into Complex Geometries," Chap. 14 in Applications of the Method of Moments to Electromagnetic Fields, B. J. Strait, ed. Orlando, Florida: SCEEE Press (1980).

2.	A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "Solution of Complex Electromagnetic Penetration and Scattering Problems in Unbounded Regions," pp. 83-113 in Computational Methods for Infinite Domain Media-Structure Interactions, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, AMD vol. 46 (1981).

3.	A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "Detailed Near/ Far Field Modeling of Complex Electrically Large Three-Dimensional Structures," Chap. II.10 in Inverse Methods in Electromagnetic Imaging, Part I, W.-M. Boerner, ed., NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series C, vol. 143. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Reidel (1985).

4.	A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "Review of FDTD Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Wave Scattering and Radar Cross Section," in Radar Cross Sections of Complex Objects, W. R. Stone, ed. New York: IEEE Press (1990).

5.	A. Taflove and K. R. Umashankar, "The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method for Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Wave Interactions with Arbitrary Structures," Chap. 8 in Progress in Electromagnetics Research 2: Finite-Element and Finite-Difference Methods in Electromagnetic Scattering, M. A. Morgan, ed. New York: Elsevier (1990).

6.	A. Taflove, "State of the Art and Future Directions in Finite-Difference and Related Techniques in Supercomputing Computational Electromagnetics," pp. 197-213 in Directions in Electromagnetic Wave Modeling, H. L. Bertoni and L. B. Felsen, eds. New York: Plenum (1991).

7.	J. P. Brooks, K. K. Ghosh, E. Harrigan, D. S. Katz, and A. Taflove, "Progress in Cray-Based Algorithms for Computational Electromagnetics, Chap. 2 in Progress in Electromagnetics Research, vol. 7, T. Cwik and J. Patterson, eds. Cambridge, MA: EMW Publishing (1993).

8.	A. Taflove, "Advances in Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methods for Engineering Electromagnetics," in Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics, vol. 2, H. L. Bertoni, L. Carin, L. B. Felsen, and S. U. Pillai, eds. New York: Plenum (1995).

9.	S. C. Hagness, S. T. Ho, and A. Taflove, "Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Computational Electrodynamics Simulations of Microlaser Cavities in One and Two Spatial Dimensions," in Computational Electromagnetics and its Applications, T. G. Campbell, R. A. Nicolaides, and M. D. Salas, eds. (ICASE/LaRC Interdisciplinary Series in Science and Engineering, vol. 5) Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer (1997).

10.	V. Sathiaseelan, B. B. Mittal, A. J. Fenn, and A. Taflove, "Recent Advances in External Electromagnetic Hyperthermia," Chap. 10 in Advances in Radiation Therapy, B. B. Mittal, J. A. Purdy, and K. K. Ang, eds. (Cancer Treatment and Research, S. T. Rosen, series ed.) Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer (1998).

11.	A. Taflove, "Numerical Issues Regarding FDTD Modeling of Microwave Structures," pp. 59-75 in Time-Domain Methods for Microwave Structures: Analysis and Design, B. Houshmand and T. Itoh, eds. New York: IEEE Press (1998).

12.	A. Taflove, S. C. Hagness, and M. J. Piket-May, "Computational Electromagnetics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method," Chap. V.9 (pp. 629-670) in The Electrical Engineering Handbook, W.-K. Chen, ed. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Academic Press (2005).

13.	S. C. Hagness, A. Taflove, and S. D. Gedney, "Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methods," pp. 199-315 in Handbook of Numerical Analysis, Vol. XIII: Numerical Methods in Electromagnetics, W. H. A. Schilders and E. J. W. ter Maten, eds. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier-North Holland (2005).

14.	A. Taflove and S. C. Hagness, "Finite-Difference Time-Domain Analysis," pp. 1567-1589 in Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Engineering, K. Chang, ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley (2005).