Signal Processing

Principal Investigator: A. Katsaggelos

Sponsor: U.S. Department of Defense, 3/98 – 3/99

Video compression is the enabling technology behind the multimedia revolution we are experiencing. At high compression ratios, however, undesirable artifacts appear in the compressed video. In this project, we develop techniques for removing such artifacts and improving the visual quality of the reconstructed video.

Principal Investigator: A. Katsaggelos

Sponsor: Motorola, Inc., 7/93-12/97

This projects develops optimal video-compression algorithms. Such algorithms are optimal in the rate-distortion sense, that is, for a given target bit rate, the best possible quality of the compressed video is achieved.

Principal Investigator: A. Katsaggelos

Sponsor: Motorola Center for Telecommunications Research, 8/98 – 8/99

This project develops efficient algorithms to compress a video signal in a scalable manner. That is, the recipients of this video (for example, over the Internet) will be able to view it at a certain quality that is dictated by the speed of their connection and by the resolution of their TV or computer monitor.

Investigators: M. Honig, S. Jordan, A. K. Katsaggelos and C. C. Lee

Sponsor: Motorola Center for Telecommunications Research, 8/98 – 8/99

This project investigates methods for supporting wireless multimedia communications. The work is aimed at enhancing the capabilities of current wireless technologies such as code-division multiple access, which is used for mobile cellular voice services.

Investigators: A. K. Katsaggelos and R. Lagendijk (Delft University of Technology)

Sponsor: North American Treaty Organization, 12/95 – 12/97

The project deals with the estimation of the motion and disparity fields in stereoscopic video sequences. By exploiting the intercorrelation between these two fields, better estimation results can be obtained. The resulting disparity field can be used, for example, for the generation of intermediate views in binocular video sequences.

Investigators: A. Sahakian, A. Katsaggelos, and P. Kumar

Sponsor: AT&T / Lucent Technologies Foundation, 11/96 – 12/99

This grant establishes a multidisciplinary teaching and research laboratory incorporating elements of optical communications, digital image processing, and video processing in an optical video network. Students will be able to set up and test cutting-edge modulation, compression, and coding techniques used in the optical transmission of video.

Investigators: A. Sahakian and S. Swiryn (Evanston Hospital)

Sponsor: The Dr. Scholl’s Foundation

Atrial fibrillation is the most common abnormal heart rhythm, affecting millions of Americans with symptoms such as palpitations or difficulty in breathing, and increasing the risk of stroke. Though there are palliative treatments available, there is only limited understanding of the mechanism. Perhaps because of this, there is only limited success in treatment. Much research has focused on depolarization (the electrical activation of heart cells) and its patterns during fibrillation. In this project, we are studying repolarization (the recovery of cells after activation). This may be a more important factor in the development, maintenance, and termination of atrial fibrillation.

A. K. Katsaggelos* and N. P. Galatsanos, eds., Signal-Recovery Techniques for Image and Video
Compression and Transmission, Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer, 1998.

N. M. Nasrabadi and A. K. Katsaggelos,* eds., Proc. Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in
Image Processing, San Jose, CA: IS&T/SPIE, 1998.

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C. L. Chan, A. K. Katsaggelos* and A. V. Sahakian,* "Techniques in Image Sequence Filtering for
Clinical Angiography," Chapter 3 in Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications, C. T. Leondes,
ed., New York: Gordon and Breach, 1997.

R. Molina, A. K. Katsaggelos,* and J. Mateos, "Removal of Blocking Artifacts Using A Hierarchical
Bayesian Approach," Chap. 1 in Signal-Recovery Techniques for Image and Video Compression
and Transmission, A. K. Katsaggelos and N. P. Galatsanos, eds., Dordrecht, Netherlands:
Kluwer, 1998.

R. Molina, A. K. Katsaggelos,* J. Mateos, and A. Hermoso, "Restoration of Severely Blurred High-
Range Images Using Stochastic and Deterministic Relaxation Algorithms in Compound Gauss
Markov Random Fields," in Energy-Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition, Lectures Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1223, M. Pelillo and E. R. Hancock, eds.,
Springer 1997.

S. Swiryn, A. T. Schoenwald, and A. V. Sahakian,* "Detection of Atrial Fibrillation by Pacemakers and
Antiarrhythmic Devices," Chap. 21 in Nonpharmacological Management of Atrial Fibrillation,
F. D. Murgatroyd and A. J. Camm, eds., Futura Publishing Co., 1997.

A. Katsaggelos,* L. P. Kondi, F. W. Meier, J. Ostermann, and G. M. Schuster, "MPEG-4 and
rate-distortion-based shape-coding techniques," Proc. IEEE (Special Issue on Multimedia Signal
Processing), vol. 86, pp. 1126–1154, June 1998.

R. Molina, A. K. Katsaggelos,* J. Mateos, J. Abad, and F. J. Cortijo, "Restauracion de imagenes
digitales," Novatica, no. 131, pp. 24–28, Feb. 1998.

M. A. Robers and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "Reducing blocking artifacts within vector quantization
algorithms," IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 43, pp. 1118–1123, Nov. 1997.

G. M. Schuster and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "The minimum-average and minimum-maximum criteria in
lossy compression," Vistas in Astronomy, vol. 41, pp. 427–437, 1997.

G. M. Schuster and A. Katsaggelos,* "A video compression scheme with optimal bit allocation among
segmentation, displacement vector field, and displaced frame difference," IEEE Trans. Image
Processing, vol. 6, pp. 1487–1502, Nov. 1997.

G. M. Schuster and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "A video compression scheme with optimal bit allocation
between displacement vector field and displaced frame difference," IEEE J. Selected Areas in
Communications, vol. 15, pp. 1739–1751, Dec. 1997.

G. M. Schuster and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "An optimal polygonal boundary encoding scheme in the
rate-distortion sense," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 7, pp. 13–26, Jan. 1998.

B. Tom, M. G. Kang, M-C. Hong, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "Detection and removal of anomalies in
digitized animation film," Int’l. J. Imaging Systems and Technology, vol. 9, Aug. 1998.

A. Sahakian,* A. T. Schoenwald, and S. Swiryn, "Discrimination of atrial fibrillation from regular atrial
rhythms by spatial precision of local activation directions," IEEE Trans. Biomedical Engineering,
vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 958-963, 1997.

A. T. Schoenwald, A. V. Sahakian,* H. J. Sih, and S. Swiryn, "Further observations of ‘linking’ of atrial
excitation during clinical atrial fibrillation," PACE, vol. 21, pp. 25–34, 1998.

D. K. Serkland, G. D. Bartolini, W. L. Kath, P. Kumar, and A. V. Sahakian,* "Rate multiplication of a
59-GHz soliton source at 1550 nm," J. Lightwave Technology, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 670–677, 1998.

S. Shkurovich, A. V. Sahakian,* and S. Swiryn, "Detection of atrial activity from high-voltage leads
of implantable defibrillators using a cancellation technique," IEEE Trans. Biomedical Engineering,
vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 229–234, 1998.

N. P. Galatsanos, Z. Mesarovic, R. Molina, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "Hyperparameter estimation
using hyperpriors for hierarchical Bayesian image restoration from partially-known blurs,"
Proc. SPIE Conf. on Bayesian Inference for Inverse Problems, San Diego, CA, July 1998,
pp. 337–348.

M-C. Hong, M. G. Kang, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "An iterative weighted regularized algorithm for
improving the resolution of video sequences," Proc. 1997 IEEE Int’l. Conf. Image Processing,
Santa Barbara, CA, Oct. 26–29, 1997, pp. II-474–477.

M-C. Hong, T. Stathaki, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "A mixed-norm image-restoration algorithm,"
Proc. 1997 IEEE Int’l. Conf. Image Processing, Santa Barbara, CA, Oct. 26–29, 1997,
pp. I-385–388.

M-C. Hong, T. Stathaki, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "An iterative regularized mixed-norm image-
restoration algorithm," Proc. SPIE Conf. Visual Communications and Image Processing,
San Jose, CA, Jan. 28–30, 1998, pp. 603–614.

L. P. Kondi, F. W. Meier, G. M. Schuster, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "Joint optimal object shape
estimation and encoding," Proc. SPIE Conf. Visual Communications and Image Processing, San
Jose, CA, Jan. 28–30, 1998, pp. 14–25.

K. L. May, T. Stathaki, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "Blind image restoration using local bound
constraints," Proc. 1998 Int’l. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, Seattle, WA, May 12–15,
1998, pp. 2929–2932.

F. W. Meier, G. M. Schuster, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "An efficient boundary-encoding scheme which
is optimal in the rate-distortion sense," Proc. 1997 IEEE Int’l. Conf. Image Processing, Santa
Barbara, CA, Oct. 26–29, 1997, pp. II-9–12.

G. Melnikov, P. V. Karunaratne, G. M. Schuster, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "Rate-distortion optimal
boundary encoding using an area-distortion measure," Proc. 1998 Int’l. Conf. Circuits and
Systems, Monterey, CA, May 31–June 3, 1998.

G. Melnikov and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "A nonuniform-segmentation optimal hybrid fractal / DCT image-
compression algorithm," Proc. 1998 Int’l. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, Seattle, WA,
May 12–15, 1998, pp. 2573–2576.

V. Z. Mesarovic, N. P. Galatsanos, R. Molina, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "Hierarchical Bayesian image
restoration from partially known blurs," Proc. 1998 Int’l. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal
Processing, Seattle, WA, May 12–15, 1998, pp. 2905–2908.

R. Molina, A. K. Katsaggelos,* and J. Mateos, "Bayesian deconvolution methods in astronomy,"
Proc. 5th Workshop Data Analysis in Astronomy, 1997, pp. 289–295.

A. Redert, C-J. Tsai, E. Hendriks, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "Disparity estimation with modeling of
occlusion and object orientation," Proc. SPIE Conf. Visual Communications and Image
Processing, San Jose, CA, Jan. 28–30, 1998, pp. 798–808.

M. A. Robers, L. P. Kondi, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "SNR scalable video coder using progressive
transmission of DCT coefficients," Proc. SPIE Conf. Visual Communications and Image
Processing, San Jose, CA, Jan. 28–30, 1998, pp. 201–212.

C-J. Tsai, P. Eisert, B. Girod, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "Model-based synthetic view generation from a
monocular video sequence," Proc. 1997 IEEE Int’l. Conf. Image Processing, Santa Barbara, CA,
Oct. 26–29, 1997, pp. I-444–447.

C-J Tsai, N. P. Galatsanos, T. Stathaki, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "Total least-squares disparity-
assisted stereo optical flow estimation," Proc. IEEE Image and Multidimensional Digital Signal
Processing Workshop, Alpbach, Austria, July 12–16, 1998.

C-J. Tsai and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "Dense disparity estimation via global and local matching,"
Proc. Noblesse Workshop on Nonlinear-Model-Based Image Analysis, Glasgow, Scotland,
July 1–3, 1998, pp. 289–294.

A. K. Katsaggelos,* IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Sept. 1997, Nov. 1997, Jan. 1998, March
1998, May 1998, and July 1998 issues.

J. Biemond, E. Coyle, and A. K. Katsaggelos,* "Image filtering and restoration," IEEE Signal
Processing Magazine, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 30–33, March 1998.

J. W. Woods, S. T. Hsiang, M. Banham, and A. Katsaggelos,* "RUFK performance revisited,"
IEEE Signal Proc. Magazine, pp. 12–14, Nov. 1997.

A. Katsaggelos,* "Rate-distortion-based video and boundary encoding," Univ. of Erlangen, Germany,
Sept. 1997.

A. Katsaggelos,* "Optimal boundary encoding in the rate-distortion sense," Univ. of Illinois Urbana-
Champaign, Oct. 1997.

A. Katsaggelos,* "Recent advances in video compression," plenary talk, IASTED Int’l. Conf. Signal
and Image Processing, New Orleans, LA, Dec. 5, 1997.

A. Katsaggelos,* "Image and video recovery," 29th Annual Seminar Day, Northwestern Univ. Alumni
Assoc., April 18, 1998.

A. Katsaggelos,* session chair, "Robust Video," at 1997 IEEE Int’l. Conf. Image Processing,
Santa Barbara, CA, Oct. 26–29, 1997.

A. Katsaggelos,* session chair, "3D and Stereo," at IEEE Image and Multidimensional Digital Signal
Processing Workshop, Alpbach, Austria, July 12–16, 1998.

M. R. Banham, J. C. Brailean, S. Levine, A. K. Katsaggelos,* G. M. Schuster, U.S. Patent 5,764,921,
Method, Device and Microprocessor for Selectively Compressing Video Frames of a Motion-
Compensated Prediction-Based Video Codec, June 9, 1998.

J. C. Brailean, T. Ozcelik, A. K. Katsaggelos,* U.S. Patent 5,717,463, Method and System for
Estimating Motion Within a Video Sequence, Feb. 10, 1998.

T. Ozcelik, J. C. Brailean, A. K. Katsaggelos,* O. E. Erdogan, C. Auyeung, U.S. Patent 5,754,307,
Method and Apparatus for Spatially Adaptive Filtering for Video Encoding, June 9, 1998.

G. M. Schuster, A. K. Katsaggelos,* M. R. Banham, J. C. Brailean, U.S. Patent 5,778,192,
Method and Device for Optimal Bit Allocation Between Different Sources of Information in Digital
Video Compression, July 7, 1998.

M.-C. Hong, Video Compression, Dec. 1997. (A. Katsaggelos*)

J. Mateos, Block Artifact Removal, University of Granada, Spain, Aug. 1998. (A. Katsaggelos*)

D. L. Tull, Motion Estimation, June 1998. (A. Katsaggelos*)

S.-J. Lee, Resolution Enhancement of Image Sequence Using Motion-Compensated Sub-Pixel
Registration and Interpolation, Dec. 1997. (A. Sahakian*)