Wavelet Toolbox

orthfilt

Orthogonal wavelet filter set

Syntax

• [Lo_D,Hi_D,Lo_R,Hi_R] = orthfilt(W) 
  

Description

[Lo_D,Hi_D,Lo_R,Hi_R] = orthfilt(W) computes the four filters associated with the scaling filter W corresponding to a wavelet:

Lo_D	Decomposition low-pass filter
Hi_D	Decomposition high-pass filter
Lo_R	Reconstruction low-pass filter
Hi_R	Reconstruction high-pass filter

For an orthogonal wavelet, in the multiresolution framework, we start with the scaling function and the wavelet function . One of the fundamental relations is the twin-scale relation:

All the filters used in dwt and idwt are intimately related to the sequence . Clearly if is compactly supported, the sequence (w_n) is finite and can be viewed as a FIR filter. The scaling filter W is

• A low-pass FIR filter
• Of length 2N
• Of sum 1
• Of norm
  
  

For example, for the db3 scaling filter,

• load db3 
  db3
  db3 =
      0.2352 0.5706 0.3252 -0.0955 -0.0604 0.0249
  
  sum(db3)
  ans =
      1.000
      norm(db3)
  ans =
      0.7071
  

From filter W, we define four FIR filters, of length 2N and norm 1, organized as follows:

Filters	Low-Pass	High-Pass
Decomposition	Lo_D	Hi_D
Reconstruction	Lo_R	Hi_R

The four filters are computed using the following scheme:

where qmf is such that Hi_R and Lo_R are quadrature mirror filters
(i.e., Hi_R(k) = (-1)k Lo_R(2N + 1 - k), for k = 1, 2, ... , 2N), and where wrev flips the filter coefficients. So Hi_D and Lo_D are also quadrature mirror filters. The computation of these filters is performed using orthfilt.

Examples

• % Load scaling filter. 
  load db8; w = db8; 
  subplot(421); stem(w); 
  title('Original scaling filter');
  
  % Compute the four filters. 
  [Lo_D,Hi_D,Lo_R,Hi_R] = orthfilt(w); 
  subplot(423); stem(Lo_D); 
  title('Decomposition low-pass filter'); 
  subplot(424); stem(Hi_D); 
  title('Decomposition high-pass filter'); 
  subplot(425); stem(Lo_R); 
  title('Reconstruction low-pass filter'); 
  subplot(426); stem(Hi_R); 
  title('Reconstruction high-pass filter');
  
  % Check for orthonormality. 
  df = [Lo_D;Hi_D];
  rf = [Lo_R;Hi_R];
  id = df*df'
  
  id =
      1.0000         0
           0    1.0000
  
  id = rf*rf'
  
  id =
      1.0000         0
           0    1.0000
  
  % Check for orthogonality by dyadic translation, for example:
  df = [Lo_D 0 0;Hi_D 0 0]; 
  dft = [0 0 Lo_D; 0 0 Hi_D]; 
  zer = df*dft'
  
  zer =
  
      1.0e-12 *
      -0.1883 0.0000
      -0.0000 -0.1883
  
  % High- and low-frequency illustration. 
  fftld = fft(Lo_D); ffthd = fft(Hi_D); 
  freq = [1:length(Lo_D)]/length(Lo_D); 
  subplot(427); plot(freq,abs(fftld)); 
  title('Transfer modulus: low-pass');
  subplot(428); plot(freq,abs(ffthd)); 
  title('Transfer modulus: high-pass')
  % Editing some graphical properties,
  % the following figure is generated.
  
  
  

See Also
biorfilt, qmf, wfilters

References

Daubechies I. (1992), Ten lectures on wavelets, CBMS-NSF conference series in applied mathematics. SIAM Ed. pp. 117-119, 137, 152.

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