Terms
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Definitions
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Background
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In a binary image, pixels that are off, i.e., set to the value 0, are considered the background. When you view a binary image, the background pixels appear black.
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Connectivity
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The criteria that describes how pixels in an image form a connected group. For example, a connected component is "8-connected" if diagonally adjacent pixels are considered to be touching, otherwise, it is "4-connected." The toolbox supports 2-D as well as multidimensional connectivities. See Pixel Connectivity for more information.
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Foreground
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In a binary image, pixels that are on, i.e., set to the value 1, are considered the foreground. When you view a binary image, the foreground pixels appear white.
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Global maxima
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The highest regional maxima in the image. See the entry for regional maxima in this table for more information.
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Global minima
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The lowest regional minima in the image. See the entry for regional minima in this table for more information.
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Morphology
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A broad set of image processing operations that process images based on shapes. Morphological operations apply a structuring element to an input image, creating an output image of the same size. The most basic morphological operations are dilation and erosion.
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Neighborhood
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A set of pixels that are defined by their locations relative to the pixel of interest. A neighborhood can be defined by a structuring element or by specifying a connectivity.
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Object
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A set of pixels in a binary image that form a connected group. In the context of this chapter, "object" and "connected component" are equivalent.
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Packed binary image
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A method of compressing binary images that can speed up the processing of the image.
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Regional maxima
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A connected set of pixels of constant intensity from which it is impossible to reach a point with higher intensity without first descending; that is, a connected component of pixels with the same intensity value, t, surrounded by pixels that all have a value less than t.
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Regional minima
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A connected set of constant intensity from which it is impossible to reach a point with lower intensity without first ascending; that is, a connected component of pixels with the same intensity value, t, surrounded by pixels that all have a value greater than t.
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Structuring element
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A matrix used to define a neighborhood shape and size for morphological operations, including dilation and erosion. It consists of only 0's and 1's and can have an arbitrary shape and size. The pixels with values of 1 define the neighborhood.
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