| Title |
An Inventory-Location Model: Formulation, Solution
Algorithm and Computational Results |
| Author(s) |
Dr. Mark Daskin (speaker);
Dr. Collette Coullard, Northwestern University;
Dr. Z. J. Max Shen, University of Florida, Gainesville |
| Abstract |
We introduce a new distribution center (DC) location
model that incorporates working inventory and safety stock inventory
costs at the distribution centers. In addition, the model incorporates
transport costs from the suppliers to the DCs that explicitly
reflect economies of scale through the use of a fixed cost term.
The model is formulated as a non-linear integer-programming problem.
Model properties are outlined. A Lagrangian relaxation solution
algorithm is proposed. By exploiting the structure of the problem
we can find a low-order polynomial algorithm for the non-linear
integer programming problem that must be solved in solving the
Lagrangian relaxation subproblems. A number of heuristics are
outlined for finding good feasible solutions. In addition, we
describe two variable forcing rules that prove to be very effective
at forcing candidate sites into and out of the solution. The algorithms
are tested on problems with 88 and 150 retailers. Computation
times are consistently below one minute and compare favorably
with those of an earlier proposed set partitioning approach for
this model (Shen, 2000; Shen, Coullard and Daskin, 2000). Finally,
we discuss the sensitivity of the results to changes in key parameters
including the fixed cost of placing orders. Significant reductions
in these costs might be expected from e-commerce technologies.
The model suggests that as these costs decrease it is optimal
to locate additional facilities.
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